Bothidae: CL II A1

Unknown sp.

Egg diameter in µm	Number of oil globules	Diameter of oil globule in µm	Yolk texture	Perivitelline space	Position of oil globule at hatch	Gut length   at eye- pigment stage	Myomeres
1030-1300	1	140-150	clear	narrow	stern	45% of NL	ca40

Egg: The characteristic nipple on this egg makes it instantly recognizable. The oil globule can be single (A) or multiple (B), scattered through the egg or clustered against the embryo (B, adjacent to the nipple). The oil globule usually has an amber tint (A). The developing larva becomes covered in white pigment patches and spots (B).One egg, developed to the extent of the egg in Plate A, took a further 48 hours to hatch (23°C).

Larva: The 2-day larva is compact, with a distinctive white pigment pattern (C). The position of the single oil globule is not fully astern, but in most eggs examined, it (or the multiple cluster) was positioned astern in the yolksac. The gut extends past the yolk (C, white arrow). The eyes and mouth are developed by day 4, with a similar white pigment pattern to the 2-day larva (D). The larva has a spiky finfold edge which runs from head to tail dorsally, and back from the gut ventrally, and is also present, as a few bigger spikes, on the caudal finfold edge (D1). C: 2 days, D: 4 days, E: 6 days.

Ikeda & Mito (1988) illustrate a very similar egg, but do not assign it to a species. Shao et al (2001) show two species, 1 without an oil globule and 1 with a multiple oil globule, but neither is named. Three larvae have been barcoded, but, while occupying positions alongside one another in my barcode tree, they are clearly two different species, and are distant from all pleuronectiforms currently in my tree. No match has been found among locally collected bothids, namely Pseudorhombus arsius (LIIIC9) , P. elevatus (LIIIE9), P. natalensis (LIIIC9), Chascanopsetta lugubris (LIIIC9C), Crossorhombus valderostratus (LIIIG7), all of whose eggs are known, and Arnoglossus capensis, Bothus pantherinus, Laeops nigromaculatus and L. pectoralis, for which adult barcodes are known. This accounts for half of the18 bothid species recorded from KwaZulu-Natal waters (Henseley, 1987). However, given the pattern of small eggs with 1 oil globule, common to the five known local species, it seems unlikely this will prove to be a bothid, so even the family allocation of this page is tentative. One of these eggs may belong to Psettodes erumei.

On one occasion, in November 1988, two newly spawned bothid eggs were collected, with the identical nipple, but considerably bigger, at 1520µm and 1650µm, with multiple oil globules. This may be a different species, but they did not hatch.

Spawning appears to be all year round, although numbers are low (blue graph). The egg was not seen in the DHM samples. It only occurred in 8 of the Park Rynie linked samples, each as single eggs, 5 in inshore samples.